1) Battery brand:
1) Battery brand: Wikipedia.org says "Panasonic ."
2) Battery life: My laptop battery dies after 1 year of heavy usage, for others, they last more. For 85 kWh battery, Tesla's site guarantees 8 years / unlimited miles which means you can spend all the cycles you want but only up to 8 years.
3) $12,000 battery Written Guarantee: Yes, but not by old fashion feather ink pen and not on on papyrus. All your purchase paper work including warranties are electronic. Even your signature and Tesla's signature are electronic. They are legally binding and you can print them out on hard paper if you want.
4) 423.5 miles in one charge is real but not practical because there's no speed limit for the autobahns, while in US there are many with it's 70 mph limit posted.
5) Claims: These happen in real life and well documented in real life, not just "claims." Again, all your paper work and signatures, including warranties as mentioned above are in electronic medium for you to print out as hard paper documents.
Reality check: All the pricing and warranties you mentioned are real and legally binding. I need to caution you about the 423.5 miles for one single charge. It was a "competition" and it is not practical. It was real and possible and all details have been widely publicized (googlize "David Metcalf and his son, Adam") with the technique of avoiding climbing mountains and avoiding "high speed." Their speed was mostly 25 to 26 mph and never over 37 mph.